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What are varicose veins?
Veins are the vessels that carry deoxygenated blood from the feet towards the heart. Within these vessels, one-way valves and the muscles in the legs facilitate the flow of blood towards the heart. Varicose veins refer to the condition where veins become enlarged, twisted, and visible under the skin, often appearing blue or purple. In varicose vein disease, the valves inside the enlarged veins fail to close properly, leading to the accumulation of deoxygenated blood in the legs. Over time, this buildup further stretches the veins, initiating a vicious cycle of vein enlargement. Therefore, if left untreated, varicose vein disease progresses.
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What are the symptoms of varicose veins?
Due to the enlarged veins, dirty blood unable to reach the heart begins to accumulate in the legs. While this condition can cause serious complaints such as pain, fatigue, burning sensation, cramps, swelling in the ankles, and wounds in some patients, in others, it only leads to cosmetic complaints. Untreated, advancing, and enlarging varicose veins can sometimes clot, leading to vein inflammation characterized by redness and increased warmth. Patients' complaints worsen with prolonged standing and sitting. As varicose veins progress, swelling and edema develop in the legs over time.
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How are varicose veins diagnosed?
Varicose veins, which occur due to the enlargement of veins, are easily diagnosed as they are visible to the naked eye and larger ones can be felt with the fingers. However, a preliminary diagnosis should always be confirmed with further examination. A color Doppler ultrasound, which allows visualization of the veins, is performed on the patient. If this examination is conducted by cardiovascular and vascular surgeons who will administer varicose vein treatment, a more accurate decision can be made regarding the patient's current condition.
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What are the types of varicose veins and their treatment methods?
Varicose veins are classified into three types: spider veins, medium-sized veins (reticular veins), and large veins. Spider veins, also known as telangiectasia, resemble spider webs in appearance. These veins are commonly seen in pregnant women and individuals using hormones. They are treated with needle therapy or foam therapy, a treatment method known as sclerotherapy. Medium-sized veins are treated with foam therapy or mini surgical procedures depending on the patient's condition. Large veins, resulting from insufficiency of the great saphenous vein in the leg, are prominent veins protruding from the skin. Depending on the patient's condition, they are treated with endovenous radiofrequency (RF), laser therapy, vein glue, or surgical procedures. Eliminating varicose veins poses no harm to the patient. The patient's complaints such as pain and cramps are relieved, resulting in more aesthetic legs.
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What is needle therapy or foam therapy?
Telangiectasia, also known as spider veins, are treated with needle therapy or foam therapy. This treatment method is called sclerotherapy. In sclerotherapy, a medication is injected into the telangiectasia to eliminate the vein. If the medication is administered in a foamy form, it is referred to as foam sclerotherapy. There is no need for any preparation before the treatment. A local anesthetic cream is applied to the area where the procedure will be performed. Typically, the treatment session lasts for about 20 minutes.The number of sessions required for treatment depends on the density of the telangiectasia. After the treatment, the vein closes immediately. Wearing compression stockings for at least 1 week after treatment enhances its effectiveness. It takes time for the telangiectasia to completely disappear. This duration varies from patient to patient.
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What is intravenous RF, laser or medical adhesive treatment?
These treatment methods are particularly aimed at non-surgical treatment of saphenous vein varicose veins. In RF (Radiofrequency) and laser ablation methods, heat energy applied to the inner wall of the vein causes tissue damage and closes the vein. The procedure is performed under local, epidural, or spinal anesthesia, with the guidance of ultrasound. The recovery time is quite short. It is recommended that the patient wears compression stockings for at least 2 weeks. Rare side effects may include allergic reactions, bruising, swelling, or palpable hardness of the closed vein. Medical adhesive method, also known as biological adhesive method or varicose vein treatment with glue, involves the administration of a substance initially in liquid form into the varicose vein under ultrasound guidance, followed by solidification upon contact with blood, thereby closing the vein.
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How can varicose vein formation and progression be prevented?
Exercise, avoiding prolonged standing, avoiding excessive sitting, weight loss, and the use of compression stockings are the most important recommendations for preventing and slowing down the progression of varicose veins. However, like any advice, they do not guarantee a hundred percent effectiveness. Genetic predisposition and untreated conditions causing varicose veins can contribute to the progression of the condition.
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What are compression socks?
Compression stockings are an effective treatment method aimed at reducing symptoms such as pain, cramps, and swelling in varicose vein treatment. The widened veins and the valves inside them, which become separated due to this dilation, come closer together due to the pressure applied by the compression stockings on the leg. This reduces the amount of dirty blood flowing backward. This effect continues as long as compression stockings are worn. Therefore, compression stockings do not eliminate varicose veins; instead, they slow down and reduce the progression of existing veins and the development of new varicose veins as long as they are worn.